Grinding machine



W. G. WESSMAN Jan. 14, 1947.

GRINDING MACHINE Filed June 21, 1944 ll'Sheets-Sheet 1 MMN I I I?? INVENTOR Walter G. Wes'sman RNEY @NQEH mmmu/l/mmmm N 5M 11 Sheets-Sheet 2 Jan. 14, 1947. w. s. WESSMAN GRINDING MACHINE Filed June 21, 1944 Jan. 14, 1947. w. 5. WESSMAN GRINDING MACHINE 11 Sheets-Sheet 3 7 Filed June 21, 1944 Ill nun: ban-w am INVENTOR Walter G. Wessm ATTORNEY I Jan. 14, 1947. w. G. WESSMAN GRINDING MACHINE .Filed June 21 1944 ll Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR Walter G. Wessman WM TTORNEY.

w. s. WESSMAN Y 2,414,182

GRINDING MACHINE Filed June 21, 1944 ll Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR JWaher 6. Wessman' BY A dRNEY Jan. 14, 1947..

w on! v mm mm Jan. 14, 1947. w. .G. WESSMAN GRINDING MACHINE Filed June 21, 1944 ll Sheets-Sheet'G l I lh l l r'l l r lq Jan. 14, 1947.

w. G. WESSMAN 2,414,182

GRINDING IIACHINE v Filed June 21, 1944 11 sheets-sheet 7 INVENTOR Waltgr G. Wessman Jan. 14, 1947.

w. s, WESSMAN GRINDING MACHINE Filed June 21, 19.44 11 Sheets-Sheet 8 mdN BY I

A ORNEY W. WESSMAN 2,414,182

GRINDING MACHINE Filed June 21, 1944 ll Sheets-Sheet 9 INVENTOR Q NaHer G. Wess man ORNEY Jan. 14, w. (5. WESSMAN GRINDING MACHINE Filed June 21, 1944 ll Sheets- Sheet 10 INVENTOR Walter G. Wessman Jan. 14, 1947. w. e. WES SMAN 2,414,182

GRINDING mcHIflE Filed June 21, 1944 11 Sheets-Sheet 11 309 3/4 3/3 L 3/5 3/5 I: T o$ 3 1 Pl 307 :9? 31a a 4 .1314 Y Fig INVENTOR Wdlter G. Wessman BY 4 M451?" Patented Jan. 14, 1947 OFFICE GRINDING MACHINE Walter G. Wessman, Falrfield, Conn. Application June 21; 1944, Seriai No. 541,381

This invention relates to new and useful improvements in abrading apparatus and has p rticular relation to a machine adapted for very.

rapid grinding, lapping and polishing operations.

An object of the invention is to provide a me.-

28 Claims. (Cl. 51-50) chine adapted for rapid and accurate grinding,

lapping and polishing of work and which machine while especially adapted for the grinding, lapping and polishing of cemented tungsten carbide may be used for'the. grinding, lapping and polishing of tool steel and the like as well as of relatively soft metals and alloys, such as alloys containing copper, lead, tin and graphite-as well as non-metallics.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from a consideration of the following detailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein satisfactory embodiments of the invention are shown.

However, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the details disclosed but includes all such variations and modifications as fall within the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims. 1

Fig. 5 is a top plan view of the base of the ma- 2 or pedestal type of machine for multi-angle grinding;

Fig. 16 is an endelevational view of the machine of Fig. 15, the view being taken as looking I from the right in said figure; and

Fig. 1'7 is a detail view showing an adjustable stop employed for one of the swivels.

The base, bed and table structure is the same in the machine of Figs. 9 through 13 as in the machine of Figs. 1 through 8 and 14 and such structure will first be described and thereafter the machine of Figs. 1 through 8 and it will be specifically considered.

The machine of the present invention is in some respects an improvement on the machine of my prior application Serial Number 493,058, filed August 10, 1943, and which matured as Fatent No. 2,389,224, on November 20, 19%.

Referring at first to the two forms of the invention shown in Figs. 1 through 8 and 1e and Figs. 9v through 13, the machine includes a base it adapted to be disposed on a floor or the like and having a bed, generally designated ii, disposed thereon and secured thereto as by bolts it. Movable longitudinally on the bed ii is a table generally designated it. Base iii includes a basin-like portion about the lower part of the bed It and such basin-like portion is defined by an 1 upwardly directed or curved flange i i about the chine but with the longitudinally movable table mounted thereon;

Fig. 6 is a top plan view of a slide employed; Fig. '7 is a side elevational view of such slide; Fig. 8 is an end elevational view all such slide; Fig. 9 is a top plan view of a slight modification of the slide as used in profile grinding;

Fig.10 is a top plan view of a modified form of the machine adapted for use in profile or condetail elevational view of a portion of a crank means employed, the view being takenas on the line i i-l4 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 15 is a front elevational view of a bench outer edge of the base.

Bed ii is generally L-shaped in plan and has its longer portion or arm 15 extending along the front edge of the'top side of the base iii and has its shorter arm or portion it extendingrearwardly at the right-hand side or edge of said base. Bed portion i6 is of less height than bed portion It as best shown in Fig. 3. Bed portion id mounts the table it. To this end the mentioned bed portion is provided in its upper side with. a flat way H and a V-way it (see Figs. 3 and 12) with which cooperate corresponding rail portions 19 and 20 on the underside of the table I3 whereby the latter is mounted for guided 1on gitudinal movement relative to the bed ii. Roll- These lugs 26 and 21 are mounted on bolts 28 and 29 respectively, having their heads disposed in a V-T slot 30 opening through the front edge of the table I3. Clearly the bolts28 and 29 may be adjusted along the slot 30 and then tightened in place and thereafter the screws 24 and 25 may be given .careful adjustment so as to engage the stop lug 23 and limit the respective back and forth movements of the table l3 on the bed ll.

Through suitable gearing and a rack a hand wheel 3! at the front of the machine may be used for imparting longitudinal movement to -the table l3. through the front wall of the bed II and within said bed a relatively small diameter gear 33 is fixed to the shaft and meshes with a larger gear 34 fixed along with a mall diameter gear 35 to a jack shaft 36. diameter gear 31 fixed to a shaft 38 meshing with the teeth of a rack 39 fixed to the underside of the table l3 and extending longitudinally of the latter.

With this gearing arrangementit will be clear that very fine adjustments or movements may be imparted to the table l3. A substantial movement of the hand wheel 3| will result in but a slight feed of the table and the latter may be moved back and forth with a smooth steady motion in either direction depending on the direction of movement of the hand wheel. For my present purpose a smooth steady movement of the table i3 is needed and the described earing provides the means for accomplishing the desired results. However, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the feeding of moving of the table l3 by a means including the gearing described as other means (such as that disclosed in my above identified application) may be used for this purpose.

Optionally operable means are provided for lockingthe table l3 against any movement on the bed II in any desired position of adjustment of the table. Such means includes a pair of spaced brackets 40 and of generally L-shape secured to the underside ofthe tablewith their depending arms in alignment, A bar 42 has its ends rigidly mounted in the depending arms of these brackets and the brackets are'mounted to have the bar 42'parallel with the plane of movement of the table. To this end shims may be used to properly position the brackets or other means providing for. adjustment may be used; Screws 43 are shown as securing the brackets 40 and 4| in place.

A locking means or lug 44 has an opening slidsplit portions of the lug are drawn toward one another whereby to reduce the size of the opening through which the bar 42 passes and squeeze said bar and hold it against movement. 3

Thus on tig te g of the lug 44 the bar 42 is locked in position and as said bar is fixed to the I table i3 the latter is locked against any movement relative to the bed I I. Turning of the hand piece 46 in the opposite direction opens the lock lug 44 permitting of movement of the bar 42 therethrough and thus of movement of the table l3 on thebed II. a

It is noted that the clamping of the bar 42 by the lug 44 takes place in such manner that the bar is drawn slightly downwardly forcing the V-shaped rail or means 20 of the table into ,the

Such wheel is fixed to a shaft 32 passing 7 4 V-shaped way i8 of the bed I I. Thus there is no lateral of longitudinal movement of the table as it is locked and no disturbance of any careful the bed'.

Gear 35 meshes with a larger The machine of Figs. 1 through 8 and 1'4 I refer to as a multi-angle grinder and the same, in addition to the base, bed and table above described, includes a work head generally designated 41 and a tool head generally designated 48. Work head 41 is mounted for swivel adjustment on a manually operated slide generally designated 49 and the latter is in turn mounted for swivel ad'- justment on a base member 50 secured on the table I3 and adapted to be adjusted in the direction of the length of the latter.

In its upper side table I3 is provided with a longitudinally extending V-T slot 5i and the base member 50 includes a plate portion 52 disposed on the upper side of the table and having a pair of bolts 53 passing therethrough and having their heads disposed insaid slot (see Figs. 1, 4, 7 and 8). The bolts 53 also pass through elongated keys 54 secured to the under side of the plate portion 52 and of substantially V-shape and partly entering the slot 5 I.

Screws 55 secure'the keys 54 to the plate portion 52 and the keys serve to guide adjusting movements of base 50 on the table and to keep the base against casual movement relative to the table. Clearly on loosening of the nuts 55 the base member 50 and all parts mounted thereon,

drawn against the outer walls of the T-shaped portion of the slot. In this way the base member 50 and all parts thereon may be adjusted along the table and rigidly secured to the table in any desired position of adjustment relative thereto.

In addition to the plateportion 52 thebase member 50 includes a raised or thickened central portion 51 graduated about its upper edge'as shown at 58. Opening through thisthickened or central portion of the base member 50 is an annular socket 59 (see Fig. 4) concentric or at least substantially concentric with the outer graduated upper edge of such portion 51. As shown socket 58 is slightly tapered being of greatest diameter at its upper end.

Socket 59 receives a tapered pilot"60 integral with and depending from the lower side of a swivel slide 6| forming a portion of the slide generally designated 49. Such slide 49 (see Figs.

4, 6, '7 and 8) includes a bottom cover plate 52 having a tapered opening therethrough and through which the pilot to has a snug fit before passing into the socket 59,

Pilot-60 includes upper and lower portions '83 and 64 (see particularly Fig.4) bearing against the side walls of the socket 59 whereby the slide 49 is adapted to be turned or swivelly adjusted on v the base member 50. Intermediate such bearing portions 53 and 64 the pilot is undercut or cut 1 away to provide a portion having an inclined or tapered wall 55 of smallest diameter toward the upper end of the pilot and tapering into the bearing portion 84.

Securing bolts 66 pass through radially disposed openings in the base member 50. These bolts maybe threaded inwardly and outwardly,

radially, of the base member. The inner fiat ends of bolts 68 bear on the outer flat ends of binder pins 61 journaled in reduced diameter portions 68 ofthe radially disposed openings -and enter the socket 59 at a point to engage the inclined wall portion 65 of the pilot 60. From this it will tion 51 of the base member. Thus the said slide portion will be held against any casual movement, turning or otherwise, relative to base 50.

l on slight loosening of the bolt 56 the pilot Gil and thus the entire slide 49 may be turned or adjusted relative to the base member 50.

Preferably the cover plate 52 is provided with a mark 69 to be read in connection with the graduations 58 on the upper central portion of the base.

With the described arrangement when the bolts 65 are tightened there is no tendency to disturb any adjustments that have been made as the tightening of the bolts does not tend to turn or rotate the pilot til in' the socket 59. Whil four bolts E have been shown it will be understood that the number may be varied.

The cover plate 52 is a relatively stationary part of the slide 59 and in eccentric relation with the pilot til is pinned or otherwise secured or made rigid with the swivel slide at as by a pin it. reciprocable portion li adapted to be reciprocated on the swivel slide iii as will appear. Part or portion it rests or bears downwardlyon the Slide 69 includes a relatively movable or ing to the relation of the areas of surfaces 14 and IS-with those of surfaces numbered 12 and 13 all surfaces will; remain in contactand wear evenly and that the surfaces 14 and 15 prevent any relative movement of slide H on the swivel slide 6|. The contact at 16 provides for a locking feature as will appear. 4

With the described construction ,derstood that wear will not develope in any such relative to the swivel slide. Part H has rela-.

swivel slide til as on the flat surfaces '32 and i3 (Fig. 4) as the edges of the part El and the in: clined surfaces id and it immediately inwardly of the portions 121 and lit. Also there may be engagement between the parts at it.

The construction is such that the width of the portions. id and i5 measured horizontally is the same or greater than that of the portions 72 and i3 measured the same way. Thus owing to the fact that the portions it! and it are inclined they parts are measured normal to said surfaces it will be found that the distance at bearin surfaces l2, l3 and it are equal to each other and the distances at surfaces M and it are equal to each other but less than the distances at surfaces l2, l3 and H5.

manner as to permit of lateral movement of the slide 'H relative to the swivel slide SI or in any. such manner that one side of the slide part. II

will be lower than the other side thereof. There! fore the slide part II is always mounted perfectly horizontally and against any but a reciprocating movement on the swivel slide SI.

for wear as between the reciprocable slide and the swivel slide is eliminated.

A pair of side strips 11 and 18 are secured by screws it to the lower longitudinal edges of the movable slide part II and entering under the lower edge portions of the swivel slide 61 serve 1 to assist in guiding movements of the part II.

and prevent any vertical movement .of said part tively heavy pieces and ill secured to its respective ends by screws 82 and these end pieces are located beyond the ends ofthe swivel slide 6!.

Screws t3 secure closure plates 84 and 85 to the lower edges of the end pieces 80 and 8| respectively, and such plates extend from said end pieces toward one another and serve to prevent the entrance of dust into the ways or bearing surfaces between part ii and swivel slide 6! As.

seen in Fig. 7 the plate 84 i closing the space between end piece tit and the adjacenten'd of cover plate 62 while plate 85 is entered over the 7 other end portion of said cover plate. On movement of the slide part it toward the right in said figure plate dtwill be exposed and will serveto exclude dust from entering between end piece ill and the adjacent portion of the bottom plate 62 while .plate 85 will move in over the adjacent end portion of the bottom plate.

Coil springs 8t disposed in sockets 81 in the swivel slide ti bear against rods or plungers 8B Therefore it will be understood that a given amount of wear of'the inclined surfaces 14 and i5 tends-to lower the slid II a greater distance that the same amount of wear in the horizontal surfaces I2, 13 and 16. The actual ratio depends on the angle of' the surfaces 14 and 15. From the above it will be clear any wear in the respective bearing surfaces will result in surfaces 14 and 15 coming into tighter contact but that owbearing against the end piece 30 and constantly tend to maintain the slide part H in the positions of Figs. 6 and '7. A screw 89 adjustable through end piece M is adapted to engage a stop projection 90 on the swivel slide 6| whereby to limit movement of part H by said coil springs.

A loci: nut M is provided to secure said screw after any adjustment thereof. A second screw 92 is threaded through end piece 8D and is adjustable therethrough and is adapted to engage the adjacent end portion 93 of swivel slide 5| to limit movement of part it on said swivel slide in oppositionto the coil springs 86. Screw 92 is provided with a lock or jamhut'lid for securing it in adjusted position. i

Means are provided for manually moving the slide part H against the tendency of the coil springsBt and as'will later appear the slide with slight modifications is adapted to be moved by a cam against the tendency of said springs when the slide is used in a profile grinding operation and by a crank means in certain grinding operations. The manual means shown includes a lever 95 pivoted intermediate its ends at 96and at one end pivoted at 91 to the free end of a link 98 which in turn is pivoted or anchored by a pivot it will be un- Further with I the described construction the occasion for a gib or other means of adjustment or to compensate auama 99 on a lug I supported by-and disposed lat- I desirable to reverse the position of the lever 95 and to provide forthe pivotal mounting of the lever in reversed position a boss I03 is provided on the upper side of slide part." toward-the end thereof opposite that at which the boss IOI is located.

With the described that (see Fig. 6) on pulling of the free end of the lever 95 toward the slide part U will be moved on swivel slide 6| in opposition to springs 88 compressing the latter between the forward ends of the plungers 88 and the inner ends of the sockets 81. On release of pressure on the lever the springs will act to return slide part H to normal Construction it will be clear position with the screw 89 against the stop projection 90. Th slide part 1| is provided on each longitudinal edge with a finished surface I04 against which a sine bar or the like may be used when adjusting the slide to various angular relationships with the table I3.

When the slides are used in multiple (as will later appear) it is sometimes necessary or at least desirable to lock one slide against casual movement whilethe other slide is being manipulated.

The reasons for this will appear. To the desired end, it is noted that swivel slide 6| is provided with'a central longitudinally extending inverted T-shaped slot I05 in which is located the head of a bolt I05 extending through the upper side of the slide part II and there provided with a nut I01. Clearly bolt I05 is movable with the slide part H and this part may be secured in fixed relation with the swivel slide 6| on tightening of the nut I01 to clamp part 1I against the hearing surface portion 15 of swivel slide IiI. The nut may be tightened to secure the parts against relative movement with the head of bolt I05 in any position, of adjustment along the length of the slot I05. I

Sli'de part H is built up centrally on its upper I side providing a portion I08 having a tapered the reception of a projection (not shown) on the lower side of the body portion II3 of the work head 41. Such projection is of the identical construction with the projection or pilot 60. For the purpose of securing the projection or pilot body I I3 in the socket I09 and clamping the lower. side of the body II3 against the upper side of the raised central portion I08 of the slide part 1I, four bolts II4 are threaded radially through such. portion and these bolts function with pins II5 as and for the purpose set forth when considering the bolts and pins 55 and 51 respectively.

Work head 41 in addition to the body H3 and at the lower end of the latter includes a flangelike portion H6. The described pilot or projection depends centrally from the lower side of this flange and is preferably concentric therewith and fits in the socket I09 in the same manner as the ilot B0 fits in the socket 59 first described. Thus work head 41 is turnable relative to the slide 49 on loosening of the screws H4 and the flange N9 of the head is provided with a mark III to read in connection with the graduationslll about the upper-edge of the raised central portion Mounted on the upper side or body In is an electric motor II8.v Said body is bifurcated-in its upper portion whereby it comprises spaced sleeves H9 and I20. Suitable bearings are provided in said sleeves or sleeve-like portions and while said bearings are not herein disclosed they are fully disclosed in my co-pending application above identified. Aspindle I2I extends through, said bearings and at its forward end mounts a chuck I22 for holding work I23. Extending through the spindle I2I is a quill I24 and at its end opposite said chuckthe quill is provided with a hand wheel or the like I25 for manipulating the quill to thereby open and close thechuck. Nuts I26, I21, I28 and I29 are for effecting adjustmentsof the bearing means (not shown) and are used as means I33 rotatably supporting a shaft I34 having stepped pulleys I35 and I35 fixed theretoto turn therewith. 0n the shaft of motor H8 is a stepped pulley I31 and a belt I38 drives the pulley I35 from the pulley I31.

Fixed on the rear end portion of the spir'idle III is a stepped pulley I39 anda belt I40 drives said stepped pulley I39 from thestepped pulley I35 on the shaft with the pulley I35. Thus it will 1 be seen that the motor II8 drives the spindle I2I and the chuck I22. By shifting the belts I33 and I40 to different steps of the pulleys various speeds may be imparted to said spindle and chuck. Any slack 'in the belts may be taken up by adjusting the bracket I30 to carry the pulleys I35 and I35 away from the pulleys I31 and I39 and by adjusting the motor Ben the motor base either toward or away from the pulley I35 as is required to complete adjustment and'finally securing the motor in position by the bolts I42. A control switch S is mounted near the forward portion of bracket l30. I43 is a portion of a means (fully disclosed in my prior application) for holding th spindle I2I against turning movement while using the hand wheel I25 with standard draw back chucks, etc. 3

Referring now to the tool head end of' the machine the bed portion I8 is provided in its upper side with forwardly and rearwardly extending ways I44. Slidable on the ways I44 is a carriage generally designated I 45 andv comprising a base portion I45 having an undercut or dove-tall portionlfl movable in the ways I44. A gib' I48 is provided in the ways. between the slide or carriage and the bed portion I6 and the said gib is adjustable by mean 'of screws I49 to take up any play caused by wear in the dove-tail surfaces.

Carriage I45 is of some height and has a pair of spaced keys I50 secured to its upper side by screws I5I and in addition a pair of T-bolts I52 pass through the upper portion of the slide and have their heads disposed in the inner portion of a V-T slot I53 in the undersid of a horn-like projecting portion or member I54. The keys I50 enter the V-portion of the slots I53 and when the nuts I55 on the bolts I52 are loosened the horn or member I54 may be adjusted in the dispectively.

prevent the entrance of dust and grip to the ways recticn of its length which is transversely of the 4 entire machine. The keys I50 assist by guiding such adjustment movement and on tightening of the nuts I55 the member I54 is drawn downwardly onto the wedge or V-shaped keys I50 and is securely locked in any desired adjusted posi tion.

Means are provided for adjusting the carriage I45 forwardly and rearwardly on the ways I44 and as here shown a shaft I56 has bearing in:

the walls of the bed portion I6 and entering a channel in the dove tailed portion I41 is threaded otherwise take place and cause a clicking noise and result-in vibrations that would be transmitted to the grinding wheel.

A bolt I is made rigid with the pilot I1 I by. means of a. binder screw I15a and passes downwardly through the horn I54. Surround-- ing the bolt I15 as it passes through the horn is a sleeve I16 adapted for slight vertical movement but-held against turning movement bya into a lug I51 depending into said channel and rigid with the carriage I45. On the outer end of shaft I56, at the forward or front side of the ma"- chine for convenient operation, is fastened a handwheel I58 by means of which the shaft may be rotated in either direction to feed the carriage I45 forwardly or rearwardly along the ways I44.

The lower portions of the carriage I45 are provided with side and'end covers I59 and I60, re-

These covers act as dust guards to and the front end coveris provided with an opening for the passage of the threaded shaft I56.

.Rotatably mounted on a hub-like portion of wheel I58 is a. collar-like memberv I6I having graduations thereon as shown and which are adapted to he read in connection with a mark I62 on the bed of the machine.- Preferably a screw I63 fixes the collar I6I to the hub of the wheel I 56 in a desired position of adjustment for ease of readingof the graduations in connection with themark I62. The collar may be adjusted to have the parts 50 arranged that any graduation is either the starting point or the stopping point screw I11. At its lower end the sleeve 116 has 'a recess receiving the head of the bolt I15 and threaded onto the sleeve below the horn is a nut I18'provided with a manipulating handle I19 projecting to oneside of the machine for convenient use.

Asthe nut I18 is turned in one direction it will (since the nut bears against the underside of the horn I54) draw the sleeve I16 downwardly.

Stop or limiting'lugs I80 and I 8I are provided 7 on the under side ofslide bottom plate I13 in position to have one of such lugs engage one ofv the bolts I69 when the slide I12 is turned with the pilot I1I asa center. When the position of the slide is to be thus adjusted the nut I18 is loosened and the'slide turned until one of its stop lugs engages a previously adjusted and positioned bolt I69 whereupon the nut I18 is again for movement of the wheel for some particular work to beperformed.

On theupper side of the horn I54 and toward the forward end thereof is'an adjustment limiting device generally designated I64.- Such device comprises a member includingflanges I65 and I66 and including a ring-like lower part enterin a counterbore I61 in the upper side of thehorn. Bolts or screws I68 secure the member to the horn against turning movement and the ringlike lower part entering counterbore I61 prevents any lateral movement of the member on the horn. Flange I66 is of greater diameter than flange H and is provided at its opposite-sides with arcuate slots receiving the bolts I69 adapted for adjustment within the limits of said slots.

A tapered socket I10 in the assembly I64 receives a projection I1i corresponding with pilot 69 except that pilot "I need not be provided with the inclined portion shown at 65'on the pilot 60. Pilot In is part of the swivel slide of a slide generally designated I12 and disposed on the device I66 and particularly on the plate I65 of the latter. Slid I12 is similar to the slide 49 above described in detail but the slide I12 includes a heavy bottom member or plate I13, through which the pilot I 1| passes. Slide I12 does not 'employ the adjustable screws 89 and 92 and a slightly diiferent end plate is used at one side of the slide I12 from that of slide 49. The movable part I14 of slide I12 is centrally built up but is not graduated. Coil springs 66 in slide I12 function to bia slide part H4 in one direction so that any play occurring about the pins 22I and 234, due to wear, will all be in one direction. Thus the springs serve to keep the pins each against one side of its hole in the pitman so there is no free movement of the latter such as would tightened tosecure the slide in it's new adjusted positioned at some chosen angle to the. center line of, the horn I54 or the table I3, etc.

A socket I82 in a. swivelling meansxl85 is concentric with a flange I65 and receives a pilot I93 integral with an upper projection I94 of the reciprocable slide I14. Flange I86 is not circular one side or edge portion being cut away whereby to have the flange clear a belt guard I88 later to be described. 7 Said flange is provided with a pair of spaced arcuate slots I89 and I90 in which are mounted bolts I9I and I92 adapted to be adjusted within the limits of the respective slots and then tightened and thus secured in adjusted positions. The bolts I91 and I92 provide stops adapted to be engaged by lugs I93 and I94 on the upper side of the movable slide part I14. Means or body I85 is provided with an annular socket opening through its underside and receiving the projection I84 whereby the body or means is turnable about said projection as a center. It will be understood that depending on the positions of the bolts I 9I and I92 in the arcuate slots of the flange I86 the turning movement of the means I85 about the projection I84 is limited.

Body I85 includes or mounts a spindle quill receiving means I95 in which is located the spindle quill member I96 mounting the spindle I91 to the forward end of which is detachably connected the shank I98 of a grinding wheel I99. On the upper portion of a bracket-lik extension 200 of the body l95 is supported a bracket 20I secured in place by a bolt 202 and mounting an electric motor 203 shown as bolted to the said Y bracket but which may be secured thereto in any desired manner. A belt 204 enclosed in the housing I88 is trained over pulleys 205 and 206 on the shaft of motor 203 and the spindle I91 respectively whereby said motor drives said spindle. Housing or guard I88 is adjustably supported on a bracket or plate 281 carried on the outer the said projection I83 is tended to be moved more into the socket I82 receiving it and thus wedging or clamping the said body and all parts carried thereby or mounted thereon against turning movement on said projection.

Clearly the bolt 2 is concentric with the projection I84 and bushing 2IIl. On manipulation of the handle 2I2 to loosen the bolt 2 the body I85 and parts carried thereby or mounted thereon may be turned with said bolt as an axis or center, a handle 2I3 being provided for that purpose. In the use of the machine the bolts I9I and I92 in the arcuate slots of the flange I88 by engagement with the stop lugs I93 and I94 control the extent of turning movement of the body I85 on the projection I84.

While the slide I12 is internally the same as the slide 49 means are provided for mechanically reciprocating the movable part I14 of the slide I12. Thus a bracket 214 is secured by screws 2I5 to the underside of the bottom plate I13 of the slide I12 and mounts the reciprocating means now to be described. Mounted on the upper side of bracket 2I4 is an electric motor 2I8. Abracket extension 2" includes a bearing portion 2| 8 mounting a shaft 2I9 having a stepped pulley 228 thereon.

Also mounted by the bracket 2I4 is a shaft 22I extending parallel with the shaft 2I9 and the shaft of the motor 2I8 but disposed below and inwardly of the latter. Fixed on the shaft 22I is a pulley 222 and a stepped pulley 223 is fixed on the shaft of the motor 2I8. Through a belt 224 trained over pulleys 223 and 228 the motor 2I8 drives the pulley 228 and a belt 225 trained over the latter pulley and the pulley 222 provides means whereby the shaft 22I is driven from the motor 2I6.

Shaft 22I has bearing in a wall portion 228 of the bracket 2I4 and at the inner side of said wall is integral with .or rigidly connected in concentric with a head 221 having a T-slot 228 extending thereacross. A T-bolt 229 has its head in the slot 228 and a bushing 238 is located on the shank of said bolt between the head 221 and a washer 23I held against the bushing by a nut 232. Thus the nut may be tightened on the bolt without binding a pitman 233 at one of its ends receiving the bushing 238 and held thereon by the washer At its other end the pitman 233 is pivoted at 234 to an end plate or member 235 (substituted for end 8| of slide 49) of the movable part I14 of the slide I12; With this construction it will be understood that when the motor 2I8 is operating and the bolt 229 is in eccentric relation to the shaft 22I the movable slide part I14 will be reciprocated on the swivel slide of the slide I12. 0n loosening of the nut 232 the bolt 229 may be adjusted along the slot 228 to change the relation of the bolt to the shaft 22I and by locating the bolt more or less in eccentric relation to such shaft change the throw of the slide part I14. As the entire tool head 48 is mounted on the slide part I14 it will be clear that such head and the grinding wheel I99 carried thereby will be reciprocated by the motor 2I8 when the latter is operating. The bracket 2I4 is provided with a loop portion 235 to serve as a handle for turn-' 'as shown and the nut I81 is tightened to secure the slide part 1I against casual movement on the slide part 8| and all the described structures for swivel adjustments are locked against casual movement. The machine being set the wheel 3| is used to feed the table I3 to carry the work to the grinding wheel I99. The work is being rotated by the motor' I I8 and the grinding wheel in addition to being rotated by the motor 203 is being reciprocated by the motor 2I8.

As the work is ground away and/or as the wheel I99 wears the tool head is adjusted transversely of the machine by manipulation of the head wheel I58 to feed the carriage I and thus the tool head transversely of the machine. Generally the table I3 will be fed back and forth until little if any out is being'made and then the adjustment will be made by manipulation of wheel I58. Instead of using the table I3 for the grinding of a straight piece or a straight sided hole in a piece the table may be locked against movement by manipulation of the hand piece 48 and the nut I81 loosened so that the work may be moved back and forth through manipulation of the handle or lever 95 to move the movable part of slide 49.

For each job the parts of the machine are so positioned relatively that the grinding wheel is reciprocated in a path parallel with the path of feed of the work and parallel with the surface being ground. Thus, for example, if a part to be ground includes a bevelled surface followed by a straight sided surface the slide 49 is adjusted on its swivel until it is disposed at an angle to the table I3 equal to the angle of the bevelled surface to be ground. Then the slide is locked'in place andthe work ,head 41 adjusted on its swivel to position the work parallel with the line of movement oftable I3 and the work head is locked in place against casual movement. At this time the table I3 is secured against casual movement by tightening of its lock through manipulation of part 48.

Now one bolt I89 is adjusted and secured in such position in its arcuate slot in part I88 that when the bolt is engaged by stop lug I88 the slide I12 is parallel with the line of movement of table I3. Then the other bolt I89 is adjusted in its arcuate slot-to aposition such that when it is engaged by stop lug I8I the slide I 12 is parallel with the contemplated path of movement of previously adjusted slide 49. Indicating means may be used in setting the bolts I89. On loosening of nut I18 the slide I12 (and the tool head 48 mounted thereon) may be swung to engage either of its stop lugs I88 and I8I with the preset bolts I89.

Adjustments having been made as above set forth nutI 181s loosened and the slide I12 swung to bring'its lug I8I against a preset bolt I89 and then the nut I18 is tightened. Slide 2 is now positioned so that it (and the grinding wheel) are reciprocated from motor 2I8 in a path surface 339.

parallel with the path in which slide 49 is set to v ing wheel at a preset angle. At the same time 1 the grinding wheel is being rotated and also, by

motor 2 I6,- is being reciprocated with the slide I12 and the latter has been so set that the grinding wheel is being reciprocate'd in a line parallel with the path of movement of slide 49 and parallel with the surface being ground. Thus there is no tendency of the wheel to dig into the work. Removal of stock from the work and wear of the wheel is compensated for by adjusting carriage 145 through manipulation of hand wheel I58.

When the bevelled surface ofthe work has been properly ground nut I18 is loosened and the slide I12 swung to engage its stop lug I99 with its previously set bolt I69 bringing the slide I12 back into parallel relation with the table I3. Then nut I18 is tightened and the slide 49 is secured in retracted position by nut I01. Any necessary lateral adjustment of the tool head is made by moving carriage I45 and the table I3 v is'released by turning of part 46 and then is fed to carry the work to and from the tool head by turning of wheel 3|. In this way the straight sided surface is ground. When the part is fin-' ish'ed it may be duplicated readily since the stop bolts I69 are located and theslide 49 is set for movement in the correct path for the bevelled surface to be ground.

For grinding a bevel deep inside a hole a somewhat different set-up is used. Such a piece of work is shown in Fig. 2A and there the part designated 328 has an opening therethrough including a straight side wall portion 328 and a bevelled portion 339 deep in or within the opening and then a smaller diameter straight sided portion 329a. There the grinding wheel 33I is mounted on a spindle 332 and includes a straight sided body portion 333 and a bevelled forward end portion 334, the bevel being at the angle of When setting-up for this job the slide 49 is adjusted on its swivel mounting to dispose it at an angle to thetable I3; The swivel mounting of the slide is then locked with the slide positioned for movement relative to the table in a path parallel with the surface 330 to be ground.

Next the work head 41 is adjusted on its swivel mounting to dispose the work with its surface 329 parallel to the' path of movement of the table I3. At this time stop IBII is in engagement with its bolt I 69 so the slide I12 and spindle 332 are both parallel with the path of movement of table Then, suitable indicating means being used, the nut I18 is loosened and'the slide I12 positioned so that when its stop lug I8I is against its bolt I69 (the latter having been adjusted in its arcuate slot) the said slide I12 is positioned for reciprocation in a path parallel with surface 339 spindle 332 parallelwith table I3. Then handle 2I2 is manipulated to release the tool head and it is swung to bring the spindle 332 back into parallel relation with table I3 and bolt 192 is adjusted in slot I99 to bring it against the stop lug I94 and then 'said bolt is tightened to lockit in position. -Now bolt I69 is located for ,engagebe moved forwardly with the table and the tool head may be adjusted crosswise with respect to the table to engage the side portion 333 of the wheel 33I with the surface 329 of the work. The table is fed back and forth to grind the surface I 329 and removal of material from the work and wear of th wheel is compensated for by feeding carriage I crosswise with respect to the path of movement of table I3. During this grinding operation lugs I99 and I93 being in engagement with bolts I69 and I9I, respectively, the slide I12 and thus the wheel 33I are being reciprocated in paths parallel with the path of movement of the work and there is no digging of the wheel into the'work. I

When surface 329 is completed the handles I19 and H2 are shifted to release the slide I12 and the tool head-48and their swivel mountings and they are swung to bring stop lug I8I of slide I12 against the previously set bolt I 69 andthe lug-l94 v of the tool head against the previously set bolt I94. This positions the wheel 33I with its body to be ground. The bolt I 69 is tightened in place with lug I8Ia'gainst it.

portion 333 parallel with the work surface 329 and its portion 334 parallel with the work surface 330. At the same time the slide I12 is positioned to .reciprocate in a path parallel with said work surface 339 and the tool head and slide are secured in adjusted positionsby moving levers I19 and m.

Now the table I3 may be fed to carry the work toward the tool'and the carriage I45. may be adjusted to position the tool to enter the work and by movements of the table and carriage the work and tool are brought into relation withthe tool, portion 334 in engagement with the work surface 339. The various motors may be started if they are not already in operation and the work and tool will be rotated and in addition the tooland its spindle will be reciprocated more or less sidewlse but in a path parallel with the surface 330 owing to the setting of the slide I12 and tool head 48 with its stop I8I against the preset'bolt and its stop lug I94 against the preset bolt Thus reciprocation of the tool does not result in it dig g lnto'the work. At this time table I3 is locked against casual movement and nut I91 released to permit of movement of slide 49 by lever 95 and such movement will take place in a path parallel with surface 339 since the slide was previously set. with slide I12 the tool is carried back and forth as between the dotted line positions of Fig. 2A (although it is noted that the reciprocating stroke of slide I12 is not in practice sufiicient to move the wheel the distance shown between the centers of the dotted line positions of the wheel in Fig. 2A) the plane of the path being indicated by the arrow 336 while the plane of the path of As the tool is reciprocated quired for different jobs.

movement of the work with slide 491s indicated spectively. This locates the reciprocable slide I12 and the spindle of the grinding wheel 33I in parallel relation with one another and the table I3. Now carriage I45 maybe adjusted to shift the tool transversely of the line of movement of the table since hole 329a is of smaller diameter and then the proceedings are as described in connection with surface 329.

That is nut I9] is tightened to secure slide 49 against casual movement and table I3 is used to feed the work past the tool. When the piece of work has been finished it may be easily duplicated since the bolts I69, I! and I92 have been set and locked in positions and the same is true of the slide 49. In the foregoing description of the operation as applied to two particular jobs certain steps have been given in considerable detail. However, it is to be noted that the stop bolts are adjusted one to position slide I12 for each of the two surfaces to be ground and that either bolt will be used for any particular surface as may be most convenient for any particular job in hand.

In any grinding operation the motor2I8 may be stopped and the slide I12 locked against casual movement on tightening of its nut I01. Wheel I58 may be used to move the carriage I45 not only to adjust the tool or grinding wheel for wear or as the work is ground away but also to determine the position of the work head relative to the tool head for any given job. Further the horn I54 may be adjusted on the carriage to dispose the tool head to.one side or the other of the center line of the table I3 as may be re- When the slide 49 is being manually manipulated its stroke is preferably preset by adjustment of the stop screws 89 and 92.

The present machine is useful in the grinding of cemented tungsten carbide dies as well as dies and other objects and devices of metals and alloys. The machine may be used for grinding, lapping, and honing or polishing operations and while it will rapidly grind cemented tungsten carbide it will also grind tool steel and the like 16 cutting if the wheel and work are merely rotated and there is no relative reciprocation.

Once the machine is set up for any given job whether such job involves but a single straight surface to be ground or. whether the job involves the grinding of a plurality of angularly related surfaces no adjustments need thereafter be made except the feeding of the carriage I andthus the grinding wheel to compensate for wheel wear and to keep the wheel against the surface being ground as such surface is groun down. a

The reciprocating motion of the grinding wheel is used for grinding, lapping and polishing-on either multi-angle, straight or tapered jobs. The

machine is easy to operate, a new operator being readily taught the various adjustments and the "feel" of the machine being readily grasped. All cutting edges of the grinding wheel are utilized as above set forth and the work is accomplished with the utmost precision and without scoring on the making of flats in the work or bell-mouthing of round holes. I I

a The grinding wheel is rotated at a very high speed as, for example, a one-half inch wheel grinding a five-eighths inch hole is rotated in the neighborhood .of 50,000 revolutions per minute. The rate of rotation of the work bears a relation. to the rapidity of the strokes of the grinding,v wheel. At present the-best results are to be obtained when the rate of rotation of the work being ground, compares with the speed, of reciprocation of the grinding wheel in such relation that for each approximately 93 percent of a revolution of the work the wheel is given one complete reciprocation. Such relationship of the motions and speeds of the work and grinding wheel gives work of a mirror finish and serves to remove the material being groundgat a rapid rate. The present method permits of the use of the mentioned high rate of speed of the grinding wheel.

The figure of 93 percent of a complete revolution of the work to: each complete reciprocation of the grinding wheel is not absolutely critical. Excellent results are obtained in'the range of from percent of a revolution of the work to 128 percent revolutions of the work for each complete reciprocation of the grinding wheel. Re-

sults better than those obtained through convenas well as relatively soft metals and alloys such as alloys containing copper, lead, tin and graphite.

The machine will grind to a mirror finish and with an accuracy to give the extreme precision required in die work and the like. There is no bell-mouthing of the work and with a new and fine grain wheel the work may be completed to a mirror finish without changing of wheels or the substitution of a different tool. Further the machine of the invention makes for long life of the grinding wheels used.

That is with a given wheel, of the proper type, the present machine will produce more work than any machine heretofore available. This is probably due to the fact that the machine provides forreciprocation of the wheel while it is at work. The reciprocation of the wheel in the manner herein disclosed provides such relative movements of the wheel and work that various faces.

tional grinding methods have been obtained in ranges a's'wide as 43 percent to 143 percent revolutions of the work per a complete reciprocation of the grinding wheel.

However, as the range widens, up or down from 93 percent of a revolution of the work for each complete reciprocation of the grinding wheel, the I same excellent results are not obtained and below and above the extreme ranges above given the results are not; good as there is a, heating of the work, rapid wheel wear for material removed, and a mirror-like finish is not obtained.

The rate of reciprocation ofthe wheel must be ept in relation to the rate of revolution of the work head. a If the wheel is reciprocated too fast, as, for example, if the wheel is given four reciprocations, for each revolution of the work, the results are not satisfactory as the wheel life is reduced because of the breaking down of the bond and the loss of the cutting diamonds. Where the reciprocation is too slow relative to the rate of rotation of the work the action is such that we are getting back toward the conventional way of grinding, which latter is somewhat in the nature of a fine thread cutting action.

I have found that the ratio, between reciproca- 17 tion of the grinding work, which is best for fast cutting with a rough wheel is also the best for smooth cutting with the finishing wheel when obtaining a mirror-like finish of work. In the operation of the present machine the work is fed along over the grinding wheel. This is a motion in addition to the rotation of the work and the rotation and reciprocation of the wheel.

Therelation ofthe reciprocating motion of the wheel to the rotating motion of the work head is preferably such that any single cutting point on the wheel will not immediately get back into the same path even thoughthe work be only rotated and not fed. This appears to provide for best results even when the work is fed. When wheel and rotation of the the work is fed it will be clear that any particular cutting point on the wheel has no chance of twice entering the same path.

In conventional grinding the tool is moved along the work with the latter and the tool both rotating. Then at the finish the tool is drawn back out of the work and during this return movement tends to cut off or take down most of the ridges formed during the entering movement. With the present method the tool is continually reciprocating and so moves back and forth many times over the same portion of the I work as the latter moves over the tool or as the tool moves along the .work.

Each of the reciprocating movements of the wheel over the work results in a smoothing out of any high spots or ridges in the work and the net result is a smooth mirror-like finish to the work. The present machine provides for fast cutting of the work and for smooth finishing and these results are in part'attributabl'e to the fact that the reciprocation of the grinding wheel brings into active use many more cutting edges of the various diamonds exposed at the surface of the wheel. These esults are also obtained because of the pattern established by the relative turning and reciprocation of the work and wheel.

Reciprocation of the wheel as disclosed also previously'described and where such is the case the same reference characters are used to avoid r epeating the description.

In the modification the work head and the tool head are the same as previously described but they are given new general designations and are indicated as 248 and 2, respectively. Work head 248 is mounted on a slide 242 of substantially the construction slide 49 and of the construction of the slide of Fig. 9. Slide 242 is turned 90 degrees with respect to the position of slide 48 of Fig. 1 and so is at right angles to the table 13. Under and mounting the slide 242 is a. reciprocable slide 243 of the exact construction of the slide 112 previously described. Such slide 243 is reciprocated by the means previously described and which means has the reference characters heretofore used applied thereto. Thus it will be noted that in effect the slide and work head of the first form of the machine have been raised and the mechanically reciprocable slide from under the tool head of such first form has been disposed under the slide of the work head thereof.

Slide 243 is mounted on the base 58 and the latter is adjustable alongthe table l3 as has been described. Referring specifically, to, Fig. 9

82 have been omitted'and that acam roller 212. has replaced bolt 92 and that in; place of" bolt; 88a stud 213 has beenthreaded into or otherwise attached to the projection .90 of the swivel slide 61 and passes outwardly of the slide through its end 81. On the outer portion of stud 213 is a nut 212 adjustable on the stud to limit movement of the slide. With this construction as the slide part 1| is moved on the swivel slide 61 by engagement of roller 212 with a cam or otherwise, 1 the stud 213 remains: stationary with the swivel slide andthe part 11 moves outwardly toward nut'214.

At the extreme of the movement nut21' 4m ay I Q be tightened against the end piece 81 of the mov able slide part 1| and the .latterheld against the nut by the lever as thetable I3 is fed backj This limitation of movementof slide part 11 by nut 214 prevents the slide being moved to such extent as to. bring the other side of the work against the grinding-wheel I89 and as the part 1| is held against the nut 214 bythe lever 85 the work is held away fromthe grinding wheelduring return movement of the table 13. Thus all grinding may be done onone stroke of the table and any back lash or play in the parts will always.

be in the same direction.

In th modification (seep articularlyFlgs. 10 and 12) the bed ll includesa portion 215,loc".ted in the rearof portion l5 and parallel or substantially parallel therewith. Portion 215 includes an upper surface 218--in which is formed V-T slot 211 receiving the heads of inverted T-bolts 218 and also receivingelongated keys 219. Bolts 218 pass through the base portion 288 of a support 28! whereby the support is adapted tobe secured inany chosen position on the surface 216 .since the slot 211 extends for the lengthof such surface. Support 281 includes an upper shelflike portion 282 having slots 283 therein'and on such portion is shown a cam 284 securedin place by bolts 285 passing throughthe cam and the slots :83. Clearly the cam 284 is adjustably and removably secured to th support.

Suitable dust screens or covers 288 and 281 are disposed below and above the cam to. exclude dust and dirt from the roller and the roller engaged surface of the cam. On loosening of the bolts 285 the cam may be adjusted on theshelf-like I portion of the support 281 and On loosenlngof the bolts 218 the support may be adjusted along the surface 216. Following any adjustment the involved bolts are tightened to prevent any casual movement of any of the parts. In adjusting a generally designated 244 and in Figs. lo'through 5 I 13A such compound slide 244 hasbeen "substituted for the mechanically reciprocated slide of Figs. 1 through 9. Thus slide 244 is mounted on 1 r the means or device 184 located on the forward portion of the upper side of the horn I54 andon the upper side of such compensating slid 24" is for the details;

of the slide 242 itis noted that this. slide.i s. but f a slight modification of the slide 48. The rnodifle cations are necessary since, slide1142j is used in 

